Symptoms of Wet and Dry Macular Degeneration: How They Differ
Macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of vision loss, especially as we age. This eye condition affects the macula, which is responsible for our ability to see fine details. While age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can manifest in both wet and dry forms, understanding the differences between these two types can help in recognizing early symptoms and seeking timely treatment.
What is Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration occurs when the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision, begins to deteriorate. This can happen gradually or rapidly, depending on whether you develop dry age-related macular degeneration or wet macular degeneration. While both forms result in vision loss, their symptoms and progression differ significantly.
Symptoms of Wet Macular Degeneration
Wet macular degeneration occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow underneath the retina, leaking fluid or blood, which damages the macula and causes rapid vision loss. Symptoms include:
- Sudden loss of central vision
- Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
- Rapid onset of blurry central vision
- Dark or empty spots in the center of vision
- Faster progression of vision loss compared to dry AMD
The rapid progression of wet macular degeneration makes early detection critical. If you notice these symptoms, it’s very important to consult your eye doctor immediately.
Symptoms of Dry Macular Degeneration
Dry macular degeneration is more common and progresses more slowly than its wet counterpart. In this form, the macula thins over time, causing a gradual decline in vision. Common symptoms include:
- Blurry or hazy central vision
- Difficulty reading or seeing details clearly
- Colors appearing less vibrant
- Straight lines becoming distorted over time
- Gradual vision loss over years
Although dry AMD progresses slowly, it can still lead to significant vision loss over time. Many people do not notice the symptoms until the disease has advanced.
In Summary: Wet vs. Dry Macular Degeneration
- Wet macular degeneration progresses quickly, often causing sudden vision loss, while dry AMD is more gradual
- Abnormal blood vessels are the cause of wet macular degeneration, whereas dry AMD involves the slow breakdown of macular cells
- Straight lines may appear wavy or distorted in both forms, but the onset of this symptom is more sudden in wet AMD
- Wet AMD poses a greater risk of severe, rapid vision loss, while dry AMD can take years to significantly affect your vision
How Eye Exams Can Help
Routine comprehensive eye exams can help detect early signs of both wet and dry AMD. Your eye doctor will examine your retina and macula, potentially using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to get a clear image of the back of your eye.
Early detection of abnormal blood vessels can slow the progression of wet macular degeneration, while regular monitoring can catch dry AMD before it causes significant damage.
With the help of your eye care provider, you can protect your central vision and manage your risk factors, including family history and age.
Protect Your Vision with the Center for Retina
and Macular Disease
At the Center for Retina and Macular Disease, we prioritize your eye health with advanced diagnostic tools like optical coherence tomography, ensuring the most accurate diagnosis of macular degeneration. Whether you’re dealing with wet or dry AMD, our expert team is here to provide the care and treatment you need to preserve your vision.